تدوین چارچوبی برای تاب‏ آوری معیشت عشایر کوچنده (مورد مطالعه: ایل قشقایی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله استخراج شده از پایان نامه

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری؛ دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی (نویسنده مسئول)

2 استاد دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری؛ دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

3 استاد دانشکده علوم اجتماعی؛ دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

4 دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

چکیده

الگوی معیشت عشایری در کشور ما در حال حاضر با بحران جدی مواجه است. این در حالیست که اجبار جامعه عشایری برای گذار از معیشت کوچ‏ نشینی تحت تاثیر فشارها و تنش‏ ها پیامدهای نامطلوبی را برای کیفیت زندگی آنان به همراه دارد. اما معیشت عشایری بعنوان بخشی از میراث قومی کشور این قابلیت را دارد که از گردشگری برای تنوع‏ بخشی به اقتصاد خود کمک بگیرد؛ ضمن این‏که، رونق گردشگری عشایری به تنوع محصول گردشگری کشور می ‏انجامد. خط‏ مشی‏ گذاری و برنامه ‏ریزی برای بهره‏ مندی از قابلیت‏ های جامعه عشایری در گردشگری، در گرو حفظ معیشت عشایری و مستلزم شناخت عواملی است که به ارتقای ظرفیت تاب ‏آوری آن خواهد انجامید. با این حال، پژوهش پیرامون تاب‏ آوری معیشت عشایری تاکنون مغفول مانده ‏است. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی عواملی است که به تاب‏‏ آوری معیشت عشایری می انجامد. هم‏چنین، این پژوهش کوشیده‏ تا با مفهوم‏ سازی نظریه چشم ‏انداز ثبات به بسط مبانی نظری تاب‏ آوری معیشت کمک نماید. روش پژوهش، مطالعه موردی ‏است و داده ‏ها از طریق مشاهده مستقیم، مصاحبه نیمه‏ ساختاریافته با عشایر کوچنده ایل قشقایی و مطلعین کلیدی و مطالعه داده های غیرتعاملی (آرشیوی) گردآوری شدند. برای تحلیل مصاحبه ها از روش تحلیل تماتیک استفاده شد. در نهایت، عوامل شکل‏ دهنده تاب‏ آوری معیشت عشایر کوچنده بر مبنای نظریه چشم ‏‏انداز ثبات، در قالب هفت مقوله دسته‏ بندی شدند؛ به طوری که ویژگی‏ های معیشت و عوامل محدودکننده درونی گویای مقاومت؛ عوامل تواناساز درونی بیان کننده گستره، عوامل مرتبط با کیفیت زندگی گویای تزلزل سیستم معیشت و عوامل محدودکننده بیرونی، عوامل تواناساز بیرونی و تغییرات و تنش‏ ها منطبق بر مفهوم پانارشی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Framework for Livelihood Resilience of Nomadic Communities (A Case Study in Qashqai Tribe)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Ziaee 1
  • Abolhassan Faghihi 2
  • Mahmoud Jomepour 3
  • Fatemeh Shekari 4
1 Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University
2 Faculty of Management and Economics; Islamic Azad University; Science and Research Branch
3 Department of Social Planning; Faculty of Social Sciences; Allameh Tabataba'i University
4 Department of Tourism Management; Faculty of Management and Accounting,Allameh Tabataba'i University
چکیده [English]

Iran’s Nomadic communities are now facing major challenges regarding their livelihoods. The forced transition of their settled lifestyle due to these challenges can have undesirable outcomes for their quality of life. The nomadic communities as a part of Iran’s ethnic heritage has the capacity to employ tourism for diversifying its economy and the country’s tourism product diversity. Therefore, the importance of identifying those factors that contribute to the community’s capability to build their livelihood resilience is justified. This paper aims at exploring the factors that can improve nomadic communities resilient. Furthermore, this study attempts to present a livelihood resilience framework with a particular focus on nomads. So, the research contributes to the theoretical and applied dimensions of livelihood resilience. To accomplish these goals, a qualitative contextual case study method was employed. We used  semi-structured interviews with Qashqai nomads and key informants. In addition,   direct observation and unobtrusive  data were collected in the study. We used  thematic analysis to interpret interviews. Based on stability landscape theory,  factors contribute to the nomadic livelihood resilience were categorized as seven main themes, including: livelihood characteristics and internal constraints (implying resistance); internal enablers (implying adaptive capacity); quality of life (implying precariousness); external constraints; external enablers and changes and stresses (implying panarchy theory).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Livelihood resilience
  • Stability landscape
  • Nomadic tourism
  • Qashqai tribe
  • thematic analysis
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