The Emergence of Spirituality in Organizations: Concepts, Definitions, Presumptions and Conceptual Mode

Spirituality in organization which was once considered a taboo has now found its way to all fields of management and organizations. Lack of a clear definition and measurement of spirituality in organization has lead to discrepancies in interpretations of the concept.In a typology of plural nature, spirituality has been divided into four types: religious, nonreligious, metareligious and mystical and spirituality in organizations could be based on any of them. This paper seeks to provide a relatively comprehendsive and acceptable framework of spirituality including biological, social, psychological and spiritual. As for personal communication, spirituality consists of four types of communication: superpersonal communication, interpersonal communication, intrapersonal communication and expresonal communication all of which relate to humane aspects of human beings. The focus of this article is on a typology of a metareligious nature with a cognitive approach and the conceptual model of the present study has been designed to provide a basis for future researches.